10 min delivery solution?

                       

                                             Quick Commerce

Deepinder Goyal, the famous shark from Shark Tank and founder of Zomato, recently declared that its quick-commerce brand Blinkit will be bigger than Zomato in one year.

Aadit Palicha - the 22-year-old founder of Zepto, recently suggested that they could be a Dmart scale company within the next 2 to 3 years.   

Quick commerce and 10-minute delivery actually started out as a fad during COVID, and experts believed that it would fade away once things opened up, similar to what happened to the Ed Tech sector. But they were wrong - Quick commerce is going nowhere but upwards, and it is now even threatening  giants like Flipkart and Amazon.

In fact, quick commerce penetration in India was already among one of the highest in the world by 2022 - While its just 3% in Europe, 7% in China, India was way ahead at 13%. Zepto alone has increased its Monthly Active Users from 1.8 Million in 2022, to 4 Million in 2023 - adding 2.2 Million users in a single year, and both Blinkit and Zepto have hit over 1 billion dollars in gross annual sales run rate.

In fact, the impact has been so monumental that Quick Commerce platforms like Zepto, Blilnkit, and Instamart, are now contributing between 30 to 50% of the e-commerce sales of FMCG companies.

The head of the domestic market of KRBL, the brand that sells India Gate rice, says that they are witnessing an annualized growth of 1500% in sales on these quick commerce platforms, while in Kirana stores it it just 10%.
 

 Now you might be wondering, how are these companies able to deliver goods to your home in just 10 minutes, how are they ever going to make a profit with a business model that seems inherently flawed, and why are giants like Flipkart and Reliance so eager to get onto the Quick Commerce train?

To understand this, you first have to understand how the business model of Quick Commerce really works.

The arena is currently dominated by 3 major players - The 3rd biggest player with a 25% market share is Zepto
the poster boy of Quick Commerce in India. Founded by 2 teenagers who dropped out from Stanford, Zepto has left behind strong players like Dunzo and BigBasket, even though it began operations  much later than t  hem in April 2021.

On the 2nd number is Swiggy’s Instamart - as the name suggests, it was launched by Swiggy in August 2020, and it has been able to capture 28% of the market so far by tapping into Swiggy’s existing customer base.


And finally, the leader of the table is Blinkit. Blinkit initially started in 2013 as Grofers and had a business model similar to Big Basket - They provided slotted deliveries, within a few hours or on the next day. But in 2021, Grofers made a pivot to under 15 minutes delivery, and rebranded itself to Blinkit. Then in 2022, it was acquired by Zomato for almost 4500 crore rupees in an all-stock deal. Blinkit has a market share of 35%. At the bottom of the table is BBNow, which was bought by Tata, which has a market share of 9%. Until recently, there was also Reliance-backed Dunzo but it has been struggling and scaling back recently.

                            

 Now, all of these Quick commerce companies work on a similar business model which centers around dark stores. See, the only way to deliver items within 10 minutes of you placing an order is by having those  items stored very close to you. And this is where dark stores come in. These are mini stores that are roughly 3000 sq ft in size, and they are accessible only to the employees of the store - not even to their delivery agents.

 90 to 95% of a customer’s daily needs basket consists of the same 1500 SKUs. SKU is short for Stock Keeping Unit, or simply the number of products in layman's language. These stores are densely stacked to ensure they can store all these 1500 SKUs and more - So they have everything that a person might need at their home. And since they do not need to be in front of customers, the stores are usually located in back allies or basements.

 So think of dark stores as your regular departmental stores, except that only employees can access them and they are way less spacious and optimized for maximum space usage. These dark stores are strategically placed in different localities to minimize the difference between them and the customers, and each dark store usually serves a radius of about 2 to 4 kms around it.

So when you select your location on the Zepto app, it automatically selects the dark store that is nearest to your location and shows you the products available in that store. When you place an order, it is sent to that particular dark store. Each dark store has a fleet of delivery agents that are waiting in the store.

So when the dark store receives the order, it is packed as quickly as possible, picked up by a delivery agent right there, who immediately leaves for your house and arrives as soon as possible. Since the distance between the dark store and your home is so small, the driver is able to easily make it within a few minutes even if he drives at a modest speed of 15 to 20 kms per hour.

So this is the business model of quick commerce – Speed and convenience for items that are in high demand and have high rotation frequency. This is in contrast to how e-commerce companies like Amazon and Flipkart work - They have giant, multi-acre fulfillment centers that cater to several cities in a radius of hundreds of kilometers.

 While having a single, giant center brings down costs, it obviously increases the time - The order is picked up from the fulfillment center, then sent to a smaller hub of your city, followed by the delivery center of your locality. Here, it is picked up by the delivery agent along with several other orders, and then he follows a route, delivering all the orders one by one.

 And this factor of the number of deliveries completed by an agent per day or per hour is the single biggest pain point of Quick Commerce. To help you understand this better, let me simplify the unit economics of this Quick Commerce model. The central entity in the profit and loss equation is the dark store - Profitability of a quick commerce company depends on making individual dark stores profitable.

 Let’s say a dark store receives an order of Rs. 300. Depending on the contents of the order, Zepto can have a margin of anywhere between 5% to 40%. Groceries have a higher profit margin of 18% to 40%, while FMCG products like oil or rice have a margin of 4% to 15%. So let’s say that this is an average order and the profit margin is about 20%.

 That means the cost of the products is 80% of Rs. 300, or Rs. 240. So the margin left is 60 rupees. Now, out of this 60 rupees, you have to take out the fixed costs for the dark store as well, like salaries, electricity, and rent. For a dark store of Blinkit or Zepto, rent is almost nothing, because the revenue per square foot for dark stores is the highest for any commerce format.

 Not only are these stores small in area, but recall that they are also located in back allies or basements, where rent is already very low. Then, on top of it, the revenue generated every day is very high - Zepto alone is doing 1 Billion dollars of annual sales run rate with just 330 dark stores - That would convert into roughly 1.8 crore rupees of revenue per dark store.

 So the fixed costs for the dark stores are less than 10% of the revenue, and this covers everything including rent, electricity, and employee salaries. So 10% of 300 or another 30 rupees goes to fixed costs, and now the margin left is just Rs. 30. But it does not end here - Zepto pays Rs.

  50 per delivery to the delivery agent, which means that they are essentially losing Rs. 20 per order. And then, there are corporate employees on their payroll, server costs, and taxes. In other words, the business is simply not profitable. Blinkit lost Rs. 1,078 crores in 2023, while Zepto lost Rs. 1,272 crore.

 So does this mean that Quick Commerce will never be profitable? Well, not exactly. You see, these companies can be made profitable, and for that, they have 3 levers. Number 1 is by increasing the Average Order Value. Coming back to our example, if the order value is increased from Rs. 300 to Rs. 700, then the profit margin becomes Rs.

140, but the fixed costs and the delivery cost remain the same at Rs. 30 and Rs. 50 respectively, so the final profit per order turns out to be Rs. 60 per order. With 4 lakh orders a day, this can turn into 2.4 crore rupees in profit every single day, and if you increase the average order value even further, then the final profit percentage increases exponentially.

This is the lever that all these platforms are prioritizing right now - In 2022, the average order value was Rs. 553 for Blinkit, Rs. 400 for Zepto, and Rs. 500 for Instamart, but by 2023, this had increased to Rs.635 for Blinkit, about Rs. 500 for Zepto, and about Rs. 550 for Instamart. Now, you must be wondering, how are they increasing their average order value, right? Well, one way is by introducing a low-cart fee and a higher delivery fee for small orders.

 The driver of sales continues to be the core categories, and to avoid the delivery-fee, customers end up adding items from adjacent categories. But this only goes too far - Blinkit, Zepto, and Instamart applies this small cart fee on orders below Rs. 99 only. So while this can uplift the minimum order value, it can definitely not thrust the average order value over Rs. 600 or 800.

So the strategy that they are employing instead is adding more  categories to their offering - Initially, these Quick Commerce companies relied on the fact that 90 to 95% of a customer’s basket consists of the same 1500 SKUs, but they have been steadily adding more and more categories. For example, you can now easily buy beauty and makeup products on Blinkit and Instamart as well - Something they were not selling earlier.

 Blinkit recently started delivering Playstation 5 in under 10 minutes on their app as well. So they have expanded their SKUs to over 6000 for now, as they continue to add newer categories - They are now planning to add fashion, electronics, and apparel as well. and this increase in the number of SKUs on the app,  is driving a corresponding increase in the average order value as well, simply because now there are more products that a customer buy while placing an order.

 This theory is confirmed  by the increase in average order value for all these platforms from 2022 to 2023, coinciding with them adding more and more SKUs to their offering in the same time period - So it is clearly working as well. This, by the way, is also why quick commerce companies like Zepto are directly competing with the likes of Flipkart - Someone who earlier used to buy clothes from Flipkart or Makeup from Nykaa, would now directly purchase it from Zepto or Blinkit and get it in under 10 minutes

 instead of 1 to 3 business days. They can increase profits even further by introducing their own brand labels for different items - For example, Zepto has launched its own meat brand by the name Relish, where they can have a 5% to 20% higher profit margin than selling meat from another brand like Licious.

So this is how these companies are using the first lever to increase profits, which is by increasing the average order value. The second lever that they can and they are utilizing is increasing the density of these stores. See, the time taken to deliver an order depends on the distance between the dark store and the customer.

If the maximum distance between a dark store and a customer is brought down to 2 kms from 4 kms, then a delivery agent could even double the number of deliveries that he can do per hour. Zepto, Blinkit, Instamart - all of them are planning to increase their dark store count by upto 40% quite soon, but these stores will be opened in the same cities - which will result in an increase in the density of their stores - Eventually, there might be no area in Mumbai where a Zepto dark store would be farther than 2 kilometers. But note here that this

lever only works in densely populated areas like metro and tier-1 cities, because otherwise, the number of orders per store would not be high enough, and a dark store needs at least 1500 orders per day to be profitable. And the third and final lever to  profitability is advertising revenue. Getting millions of customers on their app means that these Quick Commerce companies can now charge companies to advertise on them.

 If you are searching for chocolates on Blinkit, then it makes sense for Cadbury to advertise there and push Dairy Milk to you. Setting up and advertising platforms for brands costs almost nothing on this scale, and it results in ad revenue that is 95% to 99% pure profit - Zepto is now clocking hundreds  of crores in advertising revenue every single year.

 So this is how a handful of companies have managed to increase the value of the online grocery market from  about 10,000 crores in 2019, to almost 1 Lakh 20 thousand crores in 2024. While Zepto expects to become profitable this year itself in 2024, Blinkit says it will achieve operational profitability by early 2025. Now the final question that you may be asking yourself now would be - who is winning this race? Well, I did a lot of research regarding this, and the results were quite surprising.

 As I already said earlier, Blinkit is already the market leader with a market share of 35%, while Instamart and Zepto are almost neck to  neck at 28% and 25% respectively. But while Blinkit certainly has more customers than Zepto, Zepto has been growing its daily active users much, much faster than any of its ompetitors.

After launching in mid-2021, they had managed to capture 13% of the market share in less than a year by March 2022, and then, in about 1 year, they managed to almost double this share to 25%. And what really blew my mind was how they are actually doing this. While you definitely have to give it to them for maximizing the operational efficiencies to make the logistics as seamless as possible, their expansion strategy also tells a lot.

 When you look at the top 3, Zepto actually has a lower number of stores than others. But then, when you look at the number of cities where it is currently present, it is also much lower than others - They are present in just the top 10 cities of India. So what this means is that while Blinkit has a store density of about 17 stores per city, Instamart has about 18 stores per city, Zepto has a store density of 33 stores per city - that is almost 2 times more than its competitors. And recall that I explained earlier

 how store density is a crucial factor in attaining profitability - So by having more stores per city, Zepto is able to considerably decrease its delivery times and increase its profits. This could be a major reason why Zepto is on track to achieve profitability much earlier than any of its competitors.

 And this delivery speed has the added benefit of increasing customer satisfaction - A survey revealed that quick commerce users in India perceived Zepto to be the fastest delivery option available. So to me, it looks like Zepto is ahead of the curve, at least for now

Apple Vision Pro

what is Apple Vision Pro?

It is basically a face computer that bridges virtual reality, where you can see virtual objects in the real world, Apple is calling it "Spatial Computing", Apple spent 45 mins detailing how it works and what are its features and potential, the front of the device has a screen, there's a cord from the headset  attaches to its battery pack, Apple says the battery pack can last up to 2 hours,  

There are no controllers like other VR headsets, you can use your hands to navigate around besides there are multiple cameras on it which help you to see the real world with objects in it.    

Apple has been working on Vision Pro for many years and soon be able to try it for yourself when it gets released in early 2024. The Vision  Pro priced at $3500 for this first-generation unit has a curved glass front that is laminated and Polished to an optical finish, it's also a display that can let users know what you're doing inside of the headset whether you can see them or not at any point in time.

Design

The body of the headset is made out of custom aluminum alloy for a lightweight feel but still that premium industrial design. You can use it the entire day when you have it plugged, or you can run it for up to two hours with the included battery pack that connects via this braided cable, the battery pack itself is also aluminum with a silver Apple logo pressed into and a USB C port for charging.

Vision Pro can easily be controlled with your eyes as you move around the interface by looking at it and selecting different things and you can choose them by just tapping your fingers together. You can also control things just by using your voice just asking Siri to do things whether you're typing a search field or opening applications. 

Vision Pro is covered with a Camera, it has 3D cameras, Downward, IR illuminators, and a side camera, so the 3D camera continues to enable you to view the 3D just like we see our surroundings, now because it got the depth, sensors you can place the apps within.   

Physical controls Apple is barring aux element that it's used before and that's the digital Crown. We saw a digital crowd on the Apple watch and on the air pods Max and now it's made its way to the Vision Pro it's located on the top right-hand side you can go ahead and click on it to go back to the home screen and choose another app to open Vision Pro has integrated speakers on either side that are able to provide spatial audio. 

Vision Pro is very customizable as well Apple has different sizes of light Shields that will fit up against your face and there are different versions of the headband that can connect to the back. The headband is made from a single woven piece and looks very nice. it connects magnetically on either side of the headset you can just remove it if you need to and there's likely going to be a third of party straps that you can use as well if you don't prefer Apple's approach. 

Further fine-tune the fit there's an adjustment knob on the back right-hand side that you're able to twist to really dial in the exact amount of tension and pressure that you want on the back of the head.

 Apps

So, what kind of apps will be available on Vision Pro?  

Apple has its own array of apps it is optimized for this mixed reality experience things like the iWork Suite FaceTime or messages. Third-party apps will also be able to create their own applications for the Vision Pro notably Disney will have a version of Disney Plus available for Vision Pro that will have this really cool interface where you can interact with things like sports and the Mandalorian and all of your other favorite shows but third-party developers outside the big ones announced today are already going to be working on their own applications to bring them to Vision Pro but if we're not waiting on them Apple will allow iOS applications to run natively on Vision Pro just from the App Store this will bring a wealth application that you can simply View and interact with right on Vision Pro.

Mac Desktop Extension

Other features of Vision Pro include the ability to extend your max desktop simply look at your Mac and displays will appear above you. You can interact with your Mac in this mixed reality space rather than on your laptop's display outward facing cameras3D Photos and videos that can be used to capture 3D photos and videos that you can later watch back inside of Vision Pro that you simply cannot view on a 2d display.

 FaceTime is going to be a very immersive experience you'll be able to see large full-size people when you were talking to them over FaceTime you can use share play to give a presentation at the same time and your own face will be recognized as a 3D avatar that's created by scanning your face with the front-facing cameras of the reality pro the first-time setup.

                                       

So, are you going to buy Vision Pro When it launches in the market in early 2024, again priced at 3500, or waiting for the 2^nd generation? and 

most importantly will this device replace smartphones? 

What is Blockchain ?

                       "Blockchain is beyond any Bitcoin or Cryptocurrencies"

You may listen to the term blockchain technology in cryptocurrencies more and you may wonder what blockchain technology is and how it works? blockchain technology is an open distributed Ledger that records transactions and tracks assets in code transactions are recorded in blocks and then are linked together on a chain of previous transactions or blockchain is a list of Records or blocks that stores data publicly and in chronological order now the data of then these blocks or records are secure using cryptography, they don't have a central authority controlling them anyone has access to the data within this network but not everyone can alter the data and everyone has copies of this data. One of the most important concepts in blockchain technology is decentralization.

Decentralization means no one computer or organization can own the chain instead it is distributed across all the nodes connected to the chain now you may be wondering what a blockchain node is, a  blockchain node is a computer that maintains copies of the chain and keeps the network functioning blockchain is very promising and revolutionary technology because it helps reduce security risk removes frauds and brings transparency in a scalable way Satoshi Nakamoto whose real identity Still Remains unknown first introduce the concept of blockchain in 2008.  Blockchain involves Innovation and creates a revolutionary impact on society it provides Integrity to data and provides transparency to data. blockchain technology has distributed the Ledger of all transactions in peer-to-peer Networks. Blockchain delivers faster more accurate and better information moreover any business needs accurate information it tracks all the inventory processes in the business blockchain consists of a chain in a sequence one after another moreover they form distributed systems that act as nodes for users the main purpose of blockchain technology is to provide information to the users who access it through proper application key elements

The Integration of Blockchain in Other Sectors

Blockchain technology since then has continued to improve and evolve today blockchain technology is providing transparency for the food supply chain securing Healthcare data innovating the healthcare industry share some of the other applications that blockchain could potentially have in the future. So healthcare industry is great there are a number of companies putting people's health records on the blockchain so this each person could have their own we'll say token that represents their identity it's easily accessible it's easily transmitted across however much distance is necessary between hospitals and it could be pulled up very quickly and it's verifiable and that's the most important thing here is it removes the variable of a third party or a middleman and it removes that that risk exposure that also comes along with it. 

The Business Model of Dmart

                                         D-Mart 

D-Mart functions in the retail industry in India which was started in 2002 and the chain of D mart stores are under Avenue Supermarts LTD. The reason why I chose D mart as the topic is not to praise their services or anything, but the real reason which intrigues me is their business model, which I don't think any other business could easily replicate. The way this business is handled and how it functions is quite impressive and it is progressively getting stronger by each year as it is reflected in their profits itself, from 60cr in 2012 to  1000cr in this current year. 

You probably heard of Radhakrishnan Damani the founder of Dmart, let me give brief info regarding him, from Dalal street investor to India's 4th richest person he is referred to as the warren buffet of India, founder, and chairman of D-Mart. 

Now let's look at the factors which make D mart above and completely distinct from the other top retail companies like future groups and reliance.

The first thing which d mart is known/famous for is, discounts and the prices yes, even if d mart stores are far off, people would dare to travel just to purchase their products from d  mart only, that much influence  D-mart has over their customers. They know that price is one such factor that can help them to capture the market share easily. So their way of pricing is generally 16-17% lower than the MRP.

What makes Dmart different than other Indian Retail Stores? 

D-mart hasn't closed any of its stores till now whereas many of the top retail stores have closed due to losses or lockdowns happening. Dmart majorly focuses on lower-income groups by attracting them with relatively lower prices and discounts, what many people ignore is that in India, almost  52 percent of the population is lower middle class besides they are the underrated group if they are the center of your business and if they are into your services, then there is a higher chance for the growth of the business. Though there are many other big competitors like Reliance, future groups and they do capitalize on the same business, the difference between dmart and other retail groups lies in their business model. Let's point out some of the ways, through which Dmart became a profitable Chain of supermarkets in India.

Systematic Expansion

Dmart at the beginning itself had a plan to systematically expand and they did it by purchasing the land with the help of profitability from the existing store, once the store starts to generate profits, it will be invested in the future stores, Now it might be a slow process at the beginning but it picks up its pace when profits from the existing stores double up by this helps the company from debt or any sort of liability, what remains is pure assets, therefore it cuts all the additional expenses as they own the land.

Everyday Low Price

Now there will be many hypermarkets or supermarkets offering weekend or month-end sales but in Dmart you can find offers and discounts every single day, as for this you could always find long cues, which results in high volume selling due to its offers and discounts. Dmart is able to pass these discounts and offers without cutting its profit margins, yes they are able to pass on the discounts and offers to customers from various sources, and these sources are :

• Cash Discounts

 In the FMGC sector, the suppliers provide the products on the credit for 1 to 4 weeks, Now the retailers have the option to pay within the credit period but if they manage to pay on the day of supply, then they will be getting extra discounts on the products. For this reason, dmart has a good relationship with the vendors also this is one such source of discounts that they pass on to customers.

• Trade discounts/volume discounts

Dmart's inventory turnover rate is records are very high as for this they get leverage with suppliers in terms of discounts. 

• Slotting fees 

Dmart charges a slotting fee from suppliers to keep their products on the shelf,

for instance, if they charge slotting fees of 5000, then Dmart will keep the 3000

and the rest will pass it on a discounts

• Location 

you may not find dmart stores in malls or any posh area, mostly it will be in residential areas mainly middle class or lower-middle-class people stay, nor do they expand capital on the aesthetic, perhaps they know that customers are more inclined toward quality products. 

So, with less marketing, No rent cost, and less operational costs they succeed in giving the customers the best price with discounts and offers every single day, without hurting their profits, unlike its competitors. 

So, this was a small study that highlighted the business model, tho it's not the unique one, it actually has its roots in how Walmarts functions but to execute such a model takes a great amount of effort and hence we see how Mr. Radhakrishan Damni proved us that if you are dedicated and if you truly believe and have passion towards your work then  it will eventually yield its desired  results 

 

                               

      

what is The Goodfellow Startup?

 

                                           Photo by Magda Ehlers from Pexels

"Companionship Company", a start-up for the elderly to accompany them in their time of need.

In today's time you can pay for rent grandkid, yeah, you heard it right. Goodfellows is a startup company that focuses majorly on elderly people. The company recognized that almost half of the aged people are lonely at this stage time of their life, and for this, there could be any reasons, their kids could be busy with their work or they have gone to states for better opportunities, etc, so living without their kids to talk to or to support them in their 70s, become very difficult, this leads, Shantanu Naidu the idea of creating something which solves this issue of loneliness among elderly people.

Shantanu Naidu works as a business assistant to Mr. Ratan Tata, the Goodfellows startup got high praise from Ratan Tata for its idea of Intergenerational Friendship. According to the census from recent years almost 14 million senior citizens live alone in India or they are not properly taken care of, they have to live an isolated life, they lack emotional support, and relationship bonds, and they don't have anybody who could possibly care them at least spend time with, understand their needs and amenities for their own, and it doesn't mean that this issue can be solved simply by assisting them with caretakers, as it could never replace the bonds, this could hinder their mental as well as physical life.

This startup will deploy only young graduates from the age of 20 up to 30 to build the relationship between both so as to rejuvenate the happiness they lost and to eradicate the isolated life. These goodfellows members who are going to take care of the elderly pals will be given proper training, and more than that the whole point is taking care of them wholeheartedly, there is a process for paring with the grandpals, they will be together only if both are a good fit for each other. Goodfellow drives to do the things that grandparents wanted to do with their kids, like for instance going to the park with them, helping them with their tasks and spending time with them, not only for the elderly but for the Goodfellow member also a great experience, in today's time it's difficult to manage without technology, goodfellows can assist you in that also, they can schedule according to the timings preferred by grandpals. Not only that they even take care of doctor’s appointments and other homely tasks, just like how grandkids take care of their grandparents.

There are many other platforms similar to this idea but the factor which distinguishes them is the empathetic understanding, we may never be able to produce some called true companionship, Shantanu Naidu says the startup is not focused to generate profits, besides the only reason why the company runs for profit is just to pay for the graduates for their services besides with a paid employees there will trust due to this they will take this sincerely also, the reason why most of the NGOs failed, due to the uncertainty among the service providers.

The company is in the beta stage, once it is completed then they officially launch in the subscription form, As with safety, the company is fully concerned and they have worked on this aspect by making introductory meetings for trust in one of the major factors despite background checks the company is also focusing on many other steps to make safety very tight.

  

Market leader

           HOW CAN WE DOMINATE THE MARKET 

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich from Pexels

If we talk about motor vehicles then Ford Motors used to be the market leader at the beginning then Toyota overtook general motors and then Volkswagen. If you observe, market leaders are continuously are changing. Why is this happening?

In telecom, airtel used to be the leader but with the entry of the jio market got disrupted and by now they are competing among themself. In the computer chip market, Intel is the lead as we have heard about i3, i7, i9 but if we research more then we see that AMD is also giving a tough competition to intel maybe in coming years AMD could dominate the computer chip,

One thing is clear that if you want to become a market leader then you must have to be passionate about your company. if you aren't then your strategies would fail so let's see how can we become a market leader. 

In this, there are  three types for to capture the market, first one is we took the market leader as our competitor and starts to compete with,

The second one is we took our level of competitor and took their share of the market to our advantage slowly to grow our market by beating others 

The last one is we took the small market leaders, competing against them all to become a market leader. 

In India Flipkart and amazon used to be the leader but Walmart has acquired Flipkart to become a leader here Walmart has a lot of purchasing power. Recently, the trade and union of India have disapproved Walmart to acquire Flipkart they claimed that it would lead to market disruption. And this there are two to three types of it first one is we took the market leader as our competitor and started competing with them the second one is we took our level of competitor and took their share of the market to our advantage and slowly to grow the market by beating others and the last one is by taking the small market leaders and acquiring them all to become a market leader

There are  4 major attacking strategies that could get the product into inside the market and can acquire the already existing market, are general attacking strategies 

The first one is frontal attacking strategies

 Meaning attacking from face to face, basically attacking straight forward, here you need to invest more capital, so to market your products, need to have less price than your competitor, even in loss also you need to have more marketing budget than competitors. We need to be ahead in each and every front than our competitors if you want to do a frontal attack then you must have a huge budget. 

Airtel and jio are the best examples. Jio used a frontal attack strategy by providing free data in the market. jio disrupted the market, Mukesh Ambani, incurred a lot of money into the market to beat airtel in the telecom sector therefore airtel was unable to compete with jio and a lot of potential customers shifted toward jio most of the customers have both jio and airtel but now customer got used of free service. jio is not free now, the price is almost the same for all operators but still, jio has positioned in our mind that it provides free telecoms because earlier it was known for its free services and automatically now whenever we need to choose between the telecom services our first thought would be,jio services would be cheaper than other telecoms even though it isn't the case now.

 The next one is a flank attack 

Meaning identifying the market gap of a particular product, which competitors aren't targeting, because it enables us to innovate besides we can introduce unique products in the market. 

The next one is encirclement attack

Hope you heard about sun microsystem if not then you might have used java. It is founded by sun microsystems their competitor was Microsoft. So what they did to beat Microsoft was they sold their license to small firms as a result, java was used by many developers, and when the digital era kicked in, java became the market leader as most of the developers know about it and used java, so here you did not attack at the front, you attacked at the back. Here you did not let your competitor know about your attack you need to let know them when you are fully prepared and the time is over for them now, you need to think about how you would use these strategies to your advantage. 

The next one is bypass attack

 It simply means, fulfill all the requirements to go beyond what is already done by the companies which you think could lead to your product meaning improving or updating so, that consumers don't have to change their products consumers did not have any alternative in buying my product. Let's take an example google and yahoo, so google introduced a perfect search engine algorithm which yahoo doesn't handle take the example of android,

Before Android, Symbian used to be the market leader and at that point, google offered Nokia to operate under android but they refused, today all Nokia phones are on android but Nokia lost its market leadership. 

At that point if Nokia had bought the android then there would have been a different scene if we see, almost all phones are of the same design we look past Nokia phones then all the models are of different designs they used to work on innovation now Nokia does not have any more leadership.

So, what can we learn, 

In Most above cases are that in order to dominate the market, the product or the service which you provide should have something new and unique which distinguish your product from the others in the same market, and once you achieved that then no one can stop you from becoming the market leader, and even if the competitors come with their strategy then also it might take  8 months or longer to come back and in that time you can analyze the market and can improve the product so that there's no chance anyone getting into your market share.

The McDonald's study

                                                    

McDonald's, a fast-food company that marks its presence in more than 100 countries as of 2020 serves millions of people every day you visit America India, or Australia.

You'll get a similar experience in a McDonald's restaurant the craze for its wide variety of fast food can be seen in many parts of the world back in 1955 when ray Kroc became a franchisee agent of the true founders of the company Richard and morrice McDonald.

 No one would have thought that it would at some point in future become the behemoth of burgers but have you wondered what makes McDonald's so large or how has it sustained effectively all these years and continues to thrive?

 certainly, its business model  we are going to outline the strategies that make it so successful  one of the first things that it should focus on is consistency more so if it has different branches or outlets maintaining consistency is the first USB of McDonald's no matter in which country you are if you walk into a McDonald's restaurant you'll get a similar experience.

Ray Kroc had a motto quality service cleanliness and the value he believed in this moto so strongly that he went on to launch a training school in 1961 called the "hamburger university"

The university continues to offer training programs for franchisees. Consistency concept forms a very crucial part of the university's curriculum next is its amazing ability to localize the food items or the menu as per the taste of respective people of any country.

 The biggest example of this situation is India where it amazingly adapted to the vegetarian needs of the people and altered its menu accordingly, it not only serves a good option in the non-veg section but its vegetarian menu of fast foods is equally good and tasty moving on to the next strategy that makes McDonald's so popular is its ability to take risks all these years.

A firm that started with a simple menu in the united states and offered items like hamburger cheeseburger fries shake and beverages kept improving all these years be the addition of breakfast items the happy meal or McNuggets now has a lot to offer to eat.

McDonald's tagline "I'm loving it" is now known to a significant number of people around the world the brand presence it has created is worth the praise in countries like the US, Canada Australia, and many more people have an emotional attachment with this fast-food brand as it reminds most of them of their childhood a well-known fact is that a good brand presence helps your business to add credibility and loyal customers too.

The innovation

The next point about the business is the strategy adopted by McDonald's which is worth mentioning is the innovation yes, while it stays consistent with the core component of its business that's quality service cleanliness and value at the same time it has also incorporated innovation innovating on the response and feedback it gets from its customers is what helps to keep it moving to take an interesting.

 Instance from 1975 where you can figure out how McDonald's has added the factor of innovation, the story goes like this a group of soldiers in the united states wanted to buy some food items from McDonald's but the issue was that they were not allowed to get out of their cars as they were wearing their fatigues when the people at McDonald's learned about it, a solution was found which was a drive-through and this is how the first drive-through of McDonald's was built near a military base present in sierra vista Arizona

A similar example is that of the introduction of the smartphone ordering the system last year also went on to buy stakes in tech firms through which it aims to improve the user's ordering online these were some important strategies of McDonald's business model that has helped to withstand every storm since it got established it continues to display a great lesson for other companies as the magnitude of McDonald's operation is large

What is AirBnb?

                           StartUp at the Year 2008, USA.

The National Bureau of Economic Research announced that on December 1, 2008, the USA had entered a recession in December 2007. but as a matter of fact, the recession was not only hindering the US perhaps nations all around the international have been feeling the consequences of the monetary nightmare. There have been two-point six million people were in unemployment, numerous billion-greenback businesses filed for bankruptcy, and the arena economic system changed into a hit with a $2 trillion bill.

The 2008 monetary disaster changed into so intense that it changed into dubbed the worst monetary meltdown withinside the United States since Great Depression. And it lasted for almost a year and a half. Now, if I requested you, "Would you want to set up a commercial enterprise?" in the course of this dreadful period, could you assert yes? What could be your response? You'd probably declare me insane, here.

Airbnb started at this time of recession besides they have become a billion-greenback enterprise due to the paradigm alternate that the recession delivered approximately. 

So, what is the idea behind Airbnb that makes it so unique? How did they manipulate to be successful withinside the midst of the recession? And, most importantly, what are the commercial enterprise lessons that you could inculcate from this business study.

We often normally feel that on every occasion maybe it's a disaster of any type, whether or not it's far a political disaster, a monetary disaster, or maybe a pandemic, it continually results in a paradigm shift in social behavior. 

When the recession hit America, hundreds of thousands of people misplaced their jobs and have been in dire want of cash. In fact, at that period, the perspective towards their lifestyle changed, now no longer to shop for a pleasant vehicle or assets rather the people were earning for their survival, now it was the matter of existence and death.

 

THE IDEA

In reality, the founders of Airbnb could not pay their rent so that they commenced web websites hosting strangers of their domestic in change for rent. At the equal time, people who have been journeying wanted an inexpensive preference due to the fact, after all, they did not have lots of cash, right? And it changed into then that Airbnb related the host with the guest, growing a commercial enterprise version that allowed the host to earn passive earnings at the same time as supplying a less expensive and higher opportunity to inns for the guest.

This is why the idea of Airbnb changed into a sport changer, and what was observed changed into the beginning of a billion-greenback enterprise that redefined tour for Millenials, which we now recognize because of the short-time period domestic condominium enterprise. And this behavioral paradigm shift is referred to as the collaborative intake movement, wherein society believes in sharing possession of assets instead of retaining them to themselves. And the economic system that emerges from it's far referred to as 'The Sharing Economy.'.

Interesting reality According to a report, the sharing economic system will develop from $14 billion in 2014 to $335 billion with the aid of using 2025, primarily based totally on the valuations of Uber and Airbnb. And it's far due to the emergence of the sharing economic system that, beginning in 2008, some of the startups primarily based totally on the idea of collaborative intake have long gone directly to grow to be million, if now no longer billion-greenback businesses. And because the twenty-first century progresses, society will become greater hospitable to this form of enterprise. This is the primary and critical answer to our question of why Airbnb has been this type of large success.

The query is, wasn't Airbnb one among many startups with this same base idea, but the question is why then Airbnb in particular succeeded. This brings me to the second element of Airbnb, which is designing for belief/relationship. earlier, people have been renting out locations out of necessity,  but the problem here was both guest and host were no longer up to the comfort level due to the fact the rate of belief couldn't be set up among the host and the guest, however, thankfully, Joe and Brian have been layout college students who understood the significance of layout in constructing human relationships. As a result, they took it very severely and commenced experimenting with a consumer enjoy version too.

After a few trials and errors, they located that if the host delivered himself and defined a bit approximately himself that is if the host is elaborating about himself,  then the guest or the visitors will come at greater comfort level than they were before if they handiest knew approximately the assets.

Second, they carried out a joint look with Stanford to decide the elements that make contributions to interpersonal believe. That's after they located that the greater numerous human beings have been, the greater tough it changed into to set up belief.

For example, think you are a 23-yr-vintage Pune resident who meets a number in Delhi who's a local Punekar. You will start to believe that individual ton greater effortlessly than you'll a 40-yr-vintage Gujarati host residing in Delhi. However, they located that whilst you upload social recognition to an individual, no matter how numerous their backgrounds are, the rate of belief will increase significantly. In this case, the social recognition changed into completely decided with the aid of using the reviews. 

And visitors would feel more comfortable and more likely to believe if the host has more than three reviews,  And for the visitor, they created a small questionnaire to assist them to introduce themselves speedily and in a manner, this is neither formal nor informal.

The X element of Airbnb 

The main element of Airbnb which distinguish from their competitor is the relationship among their customers, Paul Graham founder of Y combinator particularly mentioned the importance of customer relationship and even suggested interacting and making a cordial format to Airbnb boys. After at the time when Airbnb was just started as a company, they literally interacted with their customer even though financially they were not stable at that time but still they tried to travel and had kept a friendly relationship with all their customer, they stayed for weeks and had discussions, and at the end, they actually got many insights from them which eventually helped the company as a whole. 

Most importantly, when they finished, they invited the host over for a lager later that night, sat with them, and constructed a  friendly relation with them. They exchanged stories, had good communication, or even informed them approximately the potential flaws of  Airbnb. And bet what, They shaped this type of robust bond with the hosts that they have been in a position to name them later and inform them that they knew their fee changed into too excessive or that they had to write a higher description. Soon after, all of those listings commenced to get hold of lots greater traffic, and those from all around the international who has been journeying New York commenced to book those Airbnbs, permitting the hosts to earn lots greater cash.

In reality, traffic to New York speedy have become hosts, and that they commenced listing their assets, and suddenly, assets listings commenced shooting up all around the international, together with Germany, Spain, or even Hong Kong. This is how Airbnb laid a strong basis for the maximum effective shape of marketing, phrase of mouth, with the aid of using reworking hosts into logo ambassadors. This is how the aggregate of timing, layout for belief, and empathy have become the proper recipe for Airbnb's success. Today, Airbnb is so massive that it has 7 million listings in 191 nations and made $4.7 billion in sales in 2019.

Spotify in business loss?

 

                                           The Streaming War 

We all know that Spotify is by far the most successful audio streaming platform in the world. In fact, even during the pandemic itself, the stock price of Spotify went up by 70%. Now, on the outside, if you look at the numbers while Apple Music has only 72 million users Spotify has more than 345 million users and the rest of the competition is not even close. On top of that, its recommendation and playlist have been so amazing that you'll agree that it has given you an incredible experience every single time.

 But you know what?  Fortunately, or unfortunately, in 2021, Spotify is in deep-deep trouble. While on one side the losses of the company have been stacking up rapidly On the other side with the giants entering the streaming market Spotify is officially in a business war. And what we are witnessing right now is perhaps one of the most interesting Internet business wars in history. And if you pay very close attention, you'll be able to learn some incredible business lessons.

 The question is- What is this business war, what are the business lessons that you can learn from this iconic case study. 

People, the music streaming revolution of the world started way back in the 1990s. Now, back then from 1984 to 1999 CDs were the ultimate instrument of the music industry. The distribution channels of the music CDs made the record labels and musicians billions of dollars every single year. But in the 1990s the Internet and the computer revolution began to pick up resulting in massive penetration of both, computers and the web, into the American household.

The First Wave Of Music Streaming 

 Now,  if you see this is a fine culmination of technology and connectivity, and if you observe closely every time this golden combination happens, it gives rise to a new generation of startups. In the music industry, it was the company called Napster which was started way back in 1999 by Shawn Fanning and Sean Parker. In simple words, Napster was nothing but a music torrent instead of buying a CD for 20 dollars you can download an MP3 file for free and share it with your friends. This invention was a disruption in the making because what followed next was the first wave of music streaming. And this wave did not just change the way people listen to music it literally changed the entire music industry. Within a few months.

Napster had 4 million song downloads and in less than a year, It had 20 million users. Now, initially, people thought that it's no big deal. But in some time, the numbers of Napster exploded further, to 60 million users by 2001. And this is when the record labels began to realize that their stores are incurring losses and when they actually computed it shocked them to see that they were incurring more than $100 million in losses due to Napster. And that's when hell broke loose for Napster, they got slapped with a lot of lawsuits, and what followed next was the historic suit that led Napster to pay millions of dollars to artists, creators, and record label companies eventually they had to shut down their operation in some time. 

Now, while most people thought that piracy will be gone and that CDs will be back, as it turns out, Napster left the market but the behavioral design of the society had been so strongly altered that people just didn't go back to CDs at all, The CD stores were still closing down and other piracy websites took the place of Napster. Companies were still incurring millions of dollars of losses because people just wouldn't pay $20 for an album.

The Second Wave Of Music Streaming This was the time where record labels were disparately looking out for an alternative to actually get their distribution channel back on track because they have come to big losses. And while all of this drama was going on, there was one man who noticed this and decided to become an opportunist during times of chaos, And this man was none other than the legendary Steve Jobs himself and the solution that he brought to the table was to give people ultra-cheap music and to give record labels a non-pirate able distribution channel for their music. And this solution was none other than the iconic iPod and the rest is history. The record labels again started to make billions of dollars customers fell in love with the iPod as it brought along with the second wave of the music streaming revolution. 

But but but  (3X)There were two major problems over here Number one, not everyone owned an iPod or a MacBook, and number two, not everyone could pay for each album. But everyone had computers and the Internet. So, guess what? This culmination of technology and connectivity, again, gave rise to another generation of startups and the most successful player in this segment turned out to be none other than Spotify which started way back in 2006.

The Third Wave Of Music Streaming: Spotify learned from the pains of the customers and decided to build a music streaming platform that could be used by everyone and could be used by everyone for free and this is where Spotify deploys its freemium model with an option to subscribe but this time it wasn't easy because they knew what happened to Napster, and the subscription model was way more complex than the discreet model of iTunes. Because when it comes to CDs or iTunes, it was pretty straightforward you buy a $1 album from iTunes80% of that goes to record labels and 20% of that is mediator fees and that's it. Whereas in the case of subscription, it's quite difficult because you are giving unlimited access to everyone for a defined fee. So, the revenue distribution itself becomes very very complex. But fortunately, the Spotify guys got through it and they spent about $9.8 billion between 2006 to 2018just to get the music rights without legal issues and they built the freemium model to make music accessible to everyone. And what followed next was the third wave of music streaming that is, unlimited legal music that could be listened to for free. As a result of which, again, Spotify exploded and today it is a market leader with the highest number of paid subscribers. 

But again, there were 3 problems. 

Number one, 

Ad revenue was not enough to pay the artists well and because the music is free, very few people actually opted in for a subscription. 

Number two,

There was no profit for Spotify, in fact, the company suffered massive losses during its rise. 

And last and most importantly 

Things got really ugly with the artists, Taylor Swift and Adele broke up with Spotify over low pay. And again, it led to a series of troubles for them from the creators' side. 

Now, the company was badly cornered. With massive losses on one side annoyed artists on the other and on top of that, they've now got freebie-loving customers. And this gave them no option but to run a lot of ads to push their customers to buy Spotify Premium and hence a lot of interruptions.

The Emerging Tech Giants: And this is when ladies and gentlemen, two more giants decided to step into the game. In 2015, Apple introduced that it's going to kill iTunes and launch the subscription model which was Apple Music as direct competition to Spotify. And in just 5 months, in November 2015, YouTube entered the streaming wars with YouTube Music. Now, if you observe this streaming war very closely guys, you'll see that both these services, that is, Apple Music and YouTube Music are built over the weaknesses of Spotify. And with just a few moves here and there Spotify could be killed and there could be another wave of social media revolution on YouTube. 

Apple Music deploys a premium model and it's only for Apple users while Spotify and YouTube Music are for everyone and they use the freemium model which gives them a wider audience. Now, if you look at the user base, Apple has 1.65 billion users Spotify has 345 million users and YouTube, well it’s got 2.1 billion users. But when it comes to paid subscriptions Spotify is way ahead of Apple because of its accessibility through both Android and Apple. While Apple Music has only 72 million users but all of them are paid Spotify has 345 million users out of which 155 million of them pay. Now, the X factor for Spotify over here is its amazing playlists and podcasts that are integrated into the app, and this is where we saw Spotify coming out with Spotify Originals like 22 Yarns and signing up creators like Joe Rogan to become Spotify exclusive. But Apple and YouTube both also have their podcast but separately. YouTube has Google Podcasts and Apple has Apple Podcasts. And now, guys here come the big difference. While Apple Music generates revenue of $4.1 billion with very less profits because it's just an ecosystem product Spotify being a standalone incurred a loss of $698 million despite generating a revenue of $9.2 billion. And YouTube?  Well, it's way ahead of the game with $19.7 billion in revenue and this is mainly because of its video service. 

YouTube Music The fourth Wave Of Music Streaming? Fun fact: YouTube is one of the most popular platforms to discover musicians and artists. if you take a step back (I don't know if you see this) but YouTube can literally accommodate every single X factor of Spotify and Apple music in the YouTube app itself. 

Number one,

 You are kind of already searching for songs through lyrics from Google and YouTube which is the USP of Apple Music. 

Number two, 

You can ask Google which song is playing and it will find that out for you which is nothing but a Shazam feature. 

And most importantly 

Google has Google Podcasts and a huge base of creators who are already making podcasts on YouTube. Now, every single creator knows that  YouTube is by far the best platform for creating content. And users know very well how well YouTube understands them and their preferences. Now, if YouTube rolls out an update tomorrow saying that Google Podcasts is now integrated into YouTube as YouTube podcasts. Do you realize what's going to happen? It is going to lead to another huge wave of creators who will flock to upload their audio content on YouTube because there are already a ton of audio creators who are desperately wanting to be on YouTube. And if given a chance with the YouTube algorithm, it's going to be a game-changer for them. And the best part is because it's available on both Android and iOS, the user base is insanely huge.  So, basically, YouTube literally has the best of both Spotify and Apple. And when integrated together, it will become unbeatable in the content space, just like Instagram is right now for social media networks. And my sense is, one day there will be a grand announcement that's going to change everything for Spotify. This is what, ladies and gentlemen are happening in the streaming wars.

Now let's move on to the most important part and that, what are the lessons that we can learn from this iconic case study. 

Lesson number one. 

People, always remember that being the first mover can sometimes be a terrible thing and as far as my observation goes it's almost every time a terrible thing. And it's always better to be a second-mover so that you can build upon the mistakes made by the first-mover. In this case, if you see, iTunes built over Napster, Spotify built over iTunes, and Apple Music and YouTube music built over Spotify. So, if you're the first mover, you've got to be very careful and if you're the second mover you’ve got to be very happy, at the same time, very sharp about the mistakes that have been made by the first mover. 

Lesson number two 

companies might come and go but the behavioral design they leave behind will stay forever. In this case, it was the paradigm shift from CDs to streaming. So, while most people will neglect it and try to reverse it you as an entrepreneur can be an opportunist and can bring about a forward-looking solution rather than a backward-looking.

 In this case, the opportunist was none other than the legendary Steve Jobs himself who built upon the behavioral design left behind by Napster. And most importantly, always remember guys the culmination of technology and connectivity is always the sweet spot for innovation and it will give rise to the most revolutionary startups. In this case, it was the computers and the Internet but in the next 3 years, it's going to be the green tech and the Internet, blockchain and the Internet, and most importantly Artificial intelligence and the Internet. And this is where you can find your greatness to build an incredible company or as an investor find an uprising gem in the stock market.    

Neuralink : merging human and machines

                                                     NEURALINK

Neuralink is an innovation that could help human beings with cooperating with machines wondering carefully.

Elon Musk's competitive venture of interfacing the human cerebrum to the net to assist manage machines is almost on the section of being added for commercial enterprise use.

More prominently called Neuralink, the employer disclosed on 28 August 2020 their mind-laptop interface tech on stay pigs, displaying the neurons withinside the pig’s mind firing in exact time. Neuralink may want to push ahead research in the fields of neuroanatomy and neuroscience through the years.

When you first pay attention to it, Neuralink’s pursuit sounds like it"s impossible to resist comes right away out of a mad genius’s diary certainly, with Elon Musk on the top of the employer, that image might not be a far stretch. But the thing here is if we put aside the thoughts like it is impossible or if we diminish the idea at a lower level then it will obviously sound tough and ridiculous rather we need to look beyond some reel fiction.

 Let's delve into Neuralink 

Neuralink is a tool, specifically, a Brain-Machine Interface with a view to being surgically implanted into your mind, and with it, you’ll be able to interact with the machines or maybe handle them. It may additionally help have a look at and remedy numerous medical problems. Since the employer became based in 2016 and has been strolling in developing this era ever since. The Neuralink chipset called the N1 chipset can be established withinside the skull this is 8mm in diameter and has a couple of wires housing electrodes and insulation for the wires. 

These wires may be surgically located internally in your mind with the use of a medical instrument. The officials claim that the wires are as thick because of the neurons withinside the mind and it is very thin than our hairs, u could say at 100 micrometers. More than one tool may be located withinside the cranium to goal extraordinary sections of the mind.

Remember the Hollywood movie, The Matrix? Remember the scene in which Neo, learns martial arts simply by loading a laptop application into his mind?

Neuralink may not be capable of educating us martial arts however it is going to be capable of ship and getting hold of electric indicators via the mind to govern machines. Right now, the employer has stated that we are able to be capable of managing simple gadgets like our smartphone, laptop,  and perhaps even kind the use of mind.

Now, to recognize how Neuralink works, we need to recognize that our mind sends facts to extraordinary elements of your frame the use of neurons; those neurons for your mind connect to every different to shape a big community and talk the use of chemical indicators referred to as neuro communicator. This response generates an electric-powered subject and we will file those reactions by setting electrodes nearby. These electrodes can then recognize the electric sign in our mind and translate them into a set of rules that a system can study. In this manner, Neuralink may be capable of studying what we're wondering and discovering a manner for us to speak to machines without even starting our mouths.

The intention of the N1 chip is to file and stimulate electric spikes internal our brains. We can also be capable of studying extraordinary talents through the use of a committed application.

At the moment, Neuralink makes use of a Bluetooth Radio, however, that can alternate withinside the destiny. It is sure even though that something shape the generation shall take in the end may be wireless — in reality, it’s one of the pinnacle priorities of the Neuralink team.

The company stated that the preliminary section of the challenge will attention on supporting the healthcare industry. The system may be capable of assisting paraplegics with easy responsibilities like working on a telecall smartphone or interacting with a laptop. It will also be used to deal with epilepsy. In the interview, Musk stated that the tool can also be capable of assist regain someone’s eyesight even supposing they've misplaced their optic nerve. He stated that this generation, in principle, may be capable of restoring something incorrect with the mind. Musk additionally delivered that Neuralink also can be used to repair the memory, speech, and motion of a paralyzed person.

Post an entire symbiosis of the tech and the human mind, Musk additionally stated that it is going to be feasible for human beings to engage with every different without the want to surely talk. Just imagine, the cap potential to study someone’s mind!

We may also get extra hardware to move tune into our brains. The concept of telepathy is not farfetched with tech like this. For now, even though, Neuralink is asking at a timeline of five years at the least to be absolutely developed.

CONCERNS OVER THE LEGITIMACY OF NEURALINK

The primary hassle with the idea is that if the tool is hooked up to the net then how it is going to be blanketed in opposition to hackers who would possibly attempt to scouse borrow records immediately from our brains. And what’s preventing someone from spying on my mind via the tool?

Surely there are a few issues concerning the safety troubles and accessibility of such a modern generation, however, the reality that such generation now exists in actual existence is absolutely exhilarating.